THE giant but youthful research laboratories in England and Europe are much less well known to Americans than the great foreign universities. This situation is changing as an increasing number of American physicists are making extended visits to laboratories such as Harwell, in England. The movement is made possible by the world-wide relaxation of security restrictions in the "basic" sciences, reactor engineering, and thermonuclear research as well as by the removal of classified work to separate sites. Today Harwell, for one, directly employs non-Commonwealth scientists including Americans while other visitors are "attached", meaning on leave from their regular posts and not paid by Harwell. And I should say at once that the enthusiasm of Egon Bretscher, head of Nuclear Physics, has sparked many visits to Harwell by American physicists.

My instructions this morning were to give a survey of the subject we call elementary particle physics, emphasizing the experimental aspects. I will choose what I believe to be interesting and exciting and try to see how we got where we are. The objects we call elementary particles have changed over the years and Fig. 1 is meant to illustrate this.

As you know, the macrobaryon falls just as fast as the macrolepton. The systematic search for the simple objects and their interactions may well have begun with Galileo in Pisa—the first, incidentally, almost vertical linear accelerator.

AS specialization increases within the various branches - of high- and low-energy nuclear physics, it becomes rather easy for an experimenter in one of the branches to lose touch with the details of advances in the methods and techniques of the others. Yet, many facets of apparently different techniques may well be valuable to experimenters in areas other than those for which they were originally developed.

This text, which presents detailed descriptions of many of the methods and techniques of experimental nuclear physics, is especially valuable in providing a point of contact not only for such experimenters but also for beginning research students. The discussions and intercomparisons between methods are often at the detailed level one would associate with hallway discussions and personal contacts at Physical Society meetings. In addition, the very complete lists of references make the retrieval of background information from other published sources especially easy.

MEETINGS to discuss the theory and applications of the Mossbauer effect can be summarized by the application of a mathematical series. This was pointed out by Dr. Hans Frauenfelder (University of Illinois) in an afterdinner talk at the Third International Conference on the Mossbauer Effect, sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency and held at Cornell University in Ithaca, N. Y. The oddnumbered meetings take place in isolated places, have long sessions, and are free of temptations. The even-numbered meetings take place in exotic places, have short sessions, and provide the conferees with all manner of extracurricular activity. Experimental evidence in support of this theory can be found in Table 1.

Columbia University's original cyclotron, a 10-MeV machine that has stood in the basement of Pupin Hall for 27 years, is being dismantled and sent to the Smithsonian Institution where it will be set up as an historical exhibit. The machine was one of the first particle accelerators constructed in the United States and was used for early experiments on the fission of uranium nuclei as well as other important work.

Marvin Fox, a nuclear physicist who specialized in the design and construction of nuclear reactors, died on March 19 of a heart attack. Dr. Fox, who was 55 years old, had been manager of arms control for the Hughes Aircraft Company.

For the past four years (1965-68) the New England Nuclear Corp (a supplier of Mossbauer sources) has sponsored a Mossbauer-Effect Methodology Symposium held prior to the annual meeting of the American Physical Society. The present volume, edited by Irwin Gruverman of New England Nuclear, contains proceedings of the third symposium held in New York, in January, 1967. The volume is composed of two sections, the larger being a collection of applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy in the area of material sciences; the second section is devoted to the methodology of several relatively recently developed Mossbauer nuclides. The level of the articles is generally introductory and for the most part the discussions are accessible to nonspecialists.

It is our sad task to report that Amos deShalit died of acute pancreatitis on 2 Sept. at the age of 42. His untimely passing is a great loss to his family, to the world of physics, to his institute and country and to the entire world. A brilliant physicist, deShalit was one of the very few who are at home with both experiment and theory. He was a brilliant administrator; while he was head (1954-66), the nuclear physics department at the Weizmann Institute, Rehovoth (Israel) developed into a leading center for the study of nuclear and particle physics, rivaled in its impact by only a handful of other institutions. He was a brilliant educator; since 1963 he had been actively involved in improving science education in Israel, particularly in the secondary schools. This activity was recently made formal by the creation at Weizmann of a department of science teaching that was headed by deShalit. Deeply committed to his country, he was much concerned with the problems of the Arab population.

RECENTLY THE VALUE of pure research to the US nation has come into question. Although the federal government has steadily increased its support of pure research since the Second World War, attempts to determine the value of pure-research activities to the national economy have been inconclusive. Project Hindsight concluded that very little basic research carried on in university laboratories had contributed to the development of weapons systems since the war and implied that consequently there was little point in the Defense Department's continued support of pure research in universities. On the other hand, those individuals who support increased funding of pure research by the federal government point out that the nation's most rapidly growing industries are those that have invested most heavily in research, with the implied conclusion that an investment in pure research will result in an expanded national economy.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS emerged from the war years in the 1940's as a field rich in applications but pitifully weak in fundamental understanding. In the next two decades, building on the impetus and insight achieved in the crash program of the 1940's, major progress has been made both in understanding and in application. The rich canvas of nuclear phenomena has been sketched in, and exquisite detail has emerged in many areas. Many other areas remain blank and await exploration and exploitation; indeed it has been necessary, repeatedly, to extend the boundaries of the canvas itself. Nuclear physics remains in the frontiers of man's understanding of his universe. To a unique degree it has also forced significant changes in contemporary society and civilization.